Endodontics

Endodontics is a specialized field of dentistry that focuses on the treatment of the dental pulp and the tissues surrounding the roots of a tooth. The primary benefit of endodontics is its ability to save teeth that might otherwise need to be extracted due to infection or damage. Through procedures such as root canals, endodontists can remove infected or inflamed pulp from the tooth, relieving pain and preserving the tooth structure. This not only helps maintain natural teeth but also contributes to overall oral health by preventing the spread of infection to surrounding teeth and tissues. Moreover, preserving a natural tooth through endodontic treatment can improve aesthetics and functionality, allowing individuals to chew and speak without discomfort. Another significant advantage is that the process has a high success rate, often enabling patients to keep their teeth for many years, enhancing their quality of life. Overall, endodontics plays a crucial role in dental care by ensuring that patients can maintain their natural teeth, which is essential for long-term dental health and well-being.

teeth X-ray
teeth X-ray

These involve procedures carried out within the pulp chamber and root canal system, without surgically accessing the tooth from the outside.

  • Primary Root Canal Therapy

  • Pulp capping (direct, indirect)

  • Pulpotomy (partial, full)

  • Pulpectomy

  • Conventional Root Canal Treatment (RCT)

  • Apexogenesis (maintaining pulp vitality for root development)

  • Apexification (inducing apical closure in immature teeth)

  • Re-treatment (Non-surgical)

  • Removal of previous root canal filling

Non-Surgical Endodontics
  • Re-instrumentation and refilling

  • Regenerative Endodontic Procedures

  • Revascularization

  • Tissue engineering approaches

  • Adjunctive Non-Surgical Treatments

  • Intracanal medicaments (Ca(OH)₂, triple antibiotic paste, etc.)

  • Internal bleaching of discolored teeth

  • Management of internal resorption

Endodontics is the branch of dentistry that deals with the interior of the tooth, specifically the pulp and its surrounding tissue. This specialized field focuses on diagnosing and treating issues related to the tooth's pulp, often due to decay, trauma, or infection. A common endodontic procedure is the root canal, which aims to remove infected or damaged pulp to save the natural tooth.

During a root canal procedure, the dentist first numbs the area to ensure the patient is comfortable. Then, they create an opening in the crown of the tooth to access the pulp chamber. Using specialized instruments, the dentist carefully removes the infected or damaged tissue, cleans and shapes the root canals, and fills them with a biocompatible material to seal the space. After the procedure, the tooth may require a crown to restore its function and aesthetics. Overall, endodontics plays a crucial role in preserving natural teeth, preventing the need for extraction, and alleviating pain, thereby contributing to better oral health and function.

a cup with a spoon and a cup with a straw
a cup with a spoon and a cup with a straw

These involve surgical access to the root or periradicular tissues, usually when non-surgical approaches fail or are not possible.

  • Periradicular Surgery

  • Apicoectomy (root-end resection)

  • Root-end filling (retrograde filling with MTA, bioceramics, etc.)

  • Apical curettage (removal of periapical pathologic tissue)

  • Hemisection / Bicuspidization / Root Amputation

  • Removal of one root and its crown portion (hemisection)

Surgical Endodontics
  • Separation of roots and conversion into bicuspids (bicuspidization)

  • Removal of individual root without crown portion (root amputation)

  • Intentional Replantation

  • Extraction, root-end management, and reinsertion of the tooth

  • Perforation Repair (Surgical)

  • Management of External Resorption (Surgical access)

These don’t strictly fall under surgical or non-surgical but are important in endodontic practice.

  • Diagnostic Procedures

  • Vitality tests (thermal, electric pulp test, laser Doppler flowmetry, pulse oximetry)

  • Test cavity preparation

  • Emergency Procedures

  • Incision and drainage of abscess (when performed without periradicular surgery)

  • Trephination

  • Adjunctive Cosmetic Procedures

  • Walking bleach technique for non-vital teeth

  • Internal bleaching (could overlap with non-surgical)

Miscellaneous Endodontic Procedures
  • Trauma Management

  • Replantation of avulsed teeth

  • Splinting of luxated or replanted teeth

  • Endodontic Instrumentation-related

  • Bypassing broken instruments

  • Retrieval of separated instruments

  • Endo-Perio Procedures

  • Management of combined lesions (may involve both endodontic and periodontal approaches)

an abstract photo of a curved building with a blue sky in the background

Discover World-Class Dental Care with Our Expert Filipino & Indian Dentists